Essay on Energy Resource Tar Sands and Nuclear Energy

Tar Sands are a mixture of clay sand water and black oil that is found in various places in the world such as Venezuela and under the Canadian Forests. Most of the world’s oil currently comes from tar sands, and oil is used for gasoline. Mining of tar sands is quite tough and hard to do. The sands cannot be pumped in their natural state. It must be mined through open pit mining techniques. After mining the sands are transported to and extraction plant where a hot water process separates the bitumen from sand, water and minerals. This process releases the bitumen from the oil sands and causes tiny air bubbles to attach to the bitumen droplets that float to the top of the separation vessel, where the bitumen can be skimmed off. (Oil Shale†¦show more content†¦Although its been said that we may only use oil for 10 to 15 more years before we hit our peak, If it is conserved it can be used for many more. Even though I believe it isn’t going to be conserved and never will be, it is a possibility. (Oil Shale and Tar Sands Program, 2012) Part 2 Nuclear energy is the energy that is released during nuclear fission or fusion also called a nuclear reaction. It is used to generate electricity energy is produced when a nucleus absorbs a neutron and splits into two lighter nuclei. The atoms consist of an electron cloud and a nucleus. (nuclearinfo.net) Although Nuclear Plants cost millions of dollars to produce they are very reliable for energy sources. All nuclear plants produce radioactive waste. To pay for the cost of storing, transporting and disposing these wastes in the United States a tenth of a cent per kilowatt-hour is added to electricity bills. When one nucleus decays 200,000,000 electron volts are produced, yet vary minimal amounts are collected. Making it possible to capture all the energy would end our need for fossil fuels. Yet the plants that we need must use thousands of tons of water everyday to cool the systems. Hydrogen is also needed for the splitting, yet hydrogen is at an unlimited supply. (nuclearinfo .net) On Saturday, 26 April 1986 a reactor at the Chernobyl Power Plant near Pripyat, Russia has a sudden power surge which caused mass damage. The Power Plant tried for immediateShow MoreRelatedFracking1198 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica (Favoring Production of Oil Sands and Opposing the Production of Tar Sands) Discovery about Tar/ Oil Sands Tar/ Oil sands are very important for determining the energy requirements of any country. Today we highly depend on the energy resources and could not succeed without considerable energy resources available to us to meet our daily production needs. Fossil fuels which are based on coal, natural gas, renewable, nuclear and oil are the main sources of energy in this highly competitive worldRead MoreKeystone Pipeline Xl : Continuing Petroleum Dependence1316 Words   |  6 PagesKeystone Pipeline XL: Continuing Petroleum Dependence Thesis: Building the proposed extension of the Keystone XL Pipeline would be disastrous for the future of our country and planet since it would place vital natural resources in its path at risk of an oil spill, continue and increase mining processes that damage the environment, and increase global warming by furthering our nation’s use and dependency on fossil fuels. The proposed extension of the Keystone Pipeline XL has become a rallying cryRead MoreNon Renewable Resources2329 Words   |  10 PagesNON RENEWABLE RESOURCES [pic] A non-renewable resource is a natural resource which cannot be produced, re-grown, regenerated, or reused on a scale which can sustain its consumption rate. These resources often exist in a fixed amount, or are consumed much faster than nature can recreate them. Fossil fuel (such as coal, petroleum and natural gas) and nuclear power are examples. In contrast, resources such as timber (when harvested sustainably) or metals (which can be recycled) are considered renewableRead MoreU.s State Department For Petroleum Extracted From The Alberta Oil Sands1730 Words   |  7 Pagesrun from the oil sands in Alberta, Canada, to Steele City, Nebraska, where it could join an existing pipe. It could carry 830,000 barrels of oil each day. The United States and Canada are crisscrossed by thousands of miles of oil and gas pipelines, but none have drawn the attention and political controversy of Keystone XL. 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But the biggest dilemma of them all, is how they are going to continue to get energy to do everyday tasks. The most efficient resources are those of the nonrenewable variety. These nonrenewable resources include fossil fuels, such as coal, natural gas, and petroleum. Someday these resources will run out and will notRead MoreThe World Needs Energy On Fossil Fuels2351 Words   |  10 Pagesto cook. But the biggest dilemma of them all, is how they are going to continue to get energy to do everyday tasks. The most efficient resources are those of the nonrenewable variety. These nonrenewable resources include fossil fuels, such as coal, natural gas, and petroleum. Someday these resources will run out and will not be replenished for thousands of years. As of now, an overwhelming majority of the energy used in the world today is non-renewa ble. We, as civilized people, are so dependent onRead MoreOil And Gas Industry : A Canadian Necessity2858 Words   |  12 Pagesgranted and the notion that we can simply turn off the oil spigot and turn to natural resources without detrimental economic and societal impacts is unfounded, unrealistic, and without logic. Advocates for the end of the production of oil and gas in Northern Alberta and Saskatchewan claim that Canada could function without the oil sands (commonly referred to as â€Å"tar sands† which is improper as oil will not harder as tar will). This statement can be supported, but not without oil. Oil would have toRead MoreThe Keystone Xl Pipeline Is The United States National Security Risk2008 Words   |  9 Pageswill affect every day citizens. If the United States allows the Keystone XL Pipeline to be approved, then the United States will have access to the world’s third largest oil reservoir. The United States would not have to rely on the Middle East for energy and would have access to a constant supply from an ally of theirs. This would greatly put the United States in a better position to deal with problems at the world scale. To frequently the United States has had to deal with a situation in a mannerRead More Fossil Fuels Essay2192 Words   |  9 PagesFossi l Fuels Energy, whether it was sunlight or heat from a wood fire, has always been important to society. However, with the onset of the industrial revolution over 200 years ago, wood alone could no longer support the increasing energy demand. The world quickly turned to coal to satisfy its energy needs, and it has been reliant on fossil fuels ever since. Despite the inroads renewable and nuclear energies have made in recent decades, the vast majority of energy used by society still comes

The Lost Secret of Toefl Essay Writing Topics with Answers Pdf

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Treaty of Waitangi Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Text Of Treaty of Waitangi. Answer: Treaty of Waitangi There are two texts of The Treaty of Waitangi. However, the Maori version of the treaty cannot be described as exact translation from the English version. As a result, much debate has been going on regarding the differences, how they appeared and what is the meaning of these differences. It is argued by some persons that there are two treaties, 'Te Tiriti' which is the the Maori version and The Treaty that is the English version (McHugh, 1991). However, it is not clear that how much notice was taken of the precise wording when the treaty was signed. There are certain persons who claim that the treaty has been prepared hastily and by amateurs. Therefore by intention or otherwise, they had used the language which conveyed a particular meaning in Maori. On the other hand, there are certain others who claim that the instructions that were received from the British by Lieut. Governor William Hobson were clear, particularly regarding land (Palmer, 2008). Therefore, Hobson and his advisers were exactly aware of what they were doing when the English text of the Treaty was drafted. At the same time, they were also guided by the previous treaties. The Maori text of the treaty had been translated quickly, but it was done by the persons who knew the language well. The missionary Maori, used by them was known to the Chiefs. It also conveyed the key words and their meaning. Most of the night of February 5 had been spent by Henry Williams and chiefs discussing the treaty and its meanings (Butler, 2000). It was not suggested by Williams that any changes should be made to the text of the treaty. Therefore, many persons believe that he did not consider the Maori text of the treaty to be seriously misleading. Probably, he selected certain words for the purpose of gaining Maori agreement, although they may appear to be ambiguous when translated from English concepts (Renwick (ed) 1991). As was the case with many others, he also believed that the welfare of the Maori can be served in a better way to the British. Now there are many persons who focus on the differences that exist between the English and the Maori text of the treaty, particularly regarding the significant issue of sovereignty. On the other hand, at that time the oral discussions and the explanations given by Williams would have mattered more than the differences present in the written texts. Regarding the preamble, it has been mentioned in the English version of the treaty that the British intention was to protect the Maori interests from being encroached by British settlement, to provide for British settlement and to establish a government having the responsibility to maintain peace and order. In the Maori text, it has a suggested that the main promises made to the Maori by the green button provided movement that secures tribal rangatiratanga (mainly autonomy of authority on their own area) and land ownership by Maori as long as they want to retain it (Knight, 2011). Regarding the first article of the treaty, it hasn't mentioned in the English text that all rights and powers of sovereignty over their land have been given by the Maori leaders to the Queen. On the other hand, according to the Maori text, the Queen has been given 'te kawanatanga katoa' or in other words, 'complete government' over their land by the Maori leaders. In the Maori language, there is no direct translation of the word sovereignty (Whakaaro, Whakaumu M?Aotearoa, 2016). Chiefs enjoy authority over their own areas, but there was a lack of a central ruler. Therefore in the translation of English version, the Maori word 'kawanatanga' has been used, which is a transliteration of the term "governance' that was in use at those times. The Maori came to know regarding the term from the Bible and from 'Kawana' or the governor of New South Wales. It was believed by the knowledge that they had retained their authority to manage their own affairs and only ceded a right of governance to the Queen and in return, protection has been promised to them. It is also widely believed that the terms 'kawanatanga' and 'tino rangatiratanga' have been used in article 2 and as a result, they had contributed in the differences of view that arose later on between the Crown and the Maori. This difference was regarding the extent to which the authority would be retained by the chiefs and how much would be ceded to the governor. However there is very little doubt regarding the fact that the chiefs who had signed the Treaty were under the impression that they were going to enter into a partnership and going to share power under the new system (Bird-Rose, 1991). In case of the second article of the treaty, it was provided in the English text that the Maori leaders and the people, both collectively as well as individually, have confirmed and guaranteed undisturbed and exclusive possession of their lands and estates, fisheries, forests and other properties. The Maori has also provided an exclusive right to the Crown to purchase their land. But later on, it was stated by some Maori (and British also) that they were under the impression that the Crown had the first option instead of having the exclusive right to buy the property of the Maori (Bond and Gillian, 1994). On the other hand, 'te tino rangatiratanga' was guaranteed to the Maori, which was the unqualified exercise of their chieftainship over the lands, villages as well as other property and treasures (Durie and Te Mana Te Kawanatanga, 1998). It was also agreed by the Maori that they were going to provide a ride to the ground by their man in case they wanted to sell it. However, it was not certain if the exclusive purchase of the land by the Crown had been clearly conveyed in the Maori text (Frankenberg, (ed) 1997). Regarding the third article of the Treaty, an assurance had been given by the Crown in the Maori text that the Maori will have the protection provided by the green as well as all the other rights (tikanga) that are provided to the British subjects. This is a fair translation of the English text. The protection provided by the Queen has been emphasized here as was done in the preamble of the Treaty. Therefore, in the end, it can be said that legally, there was only one treaty, although some difference will present between the two texts of the treaty. The exclusive authority to decide the meaning of the treaty in the two texts has been provided to the Waitangi Tribunal and at the same time, it was also going to decide the issues that were raised as a result of differences present between them (Graham, 1997). The references to the Treaty in law make an attempt to bridge these differences by referring to the principles on which the treaty is based or in other words, the spirit or the core concepts that are present in both the texts of the Treaty. References Bird-Rose, D., (1991) Hidden Histories Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press Bond, G. C. and Gillian, A., (1994) Introduction in Social Construction of the Past George Clement Bond and Angela Gillian, (eds) (London: Routledge, 1994) Butler A.S. (2000) Taking the Treaty Seriously: New Zealand M?ori Council v Attorney-General (1987) in E ODell Leading Cases of the Twentieth Century (Round Hall Press, Dublin, 2000). Durie, M., Te Mana Te Kawanatanga, (1998) The Politics of Maori Self-Determination Auckland: Oxford University Press Frankenberg, R., (ed) (1997) Displacing Whiteness Durham: Duke University Press Graham, D., (1997) Trick or Treaty Wellington: Institute of Policy Studies He Whakaaro Here Whakaumu M?Aotearoa (2016) The Report of Matike Mai Aotearoa, The Independent Working Group on Constitutional Tr a n s f o r m a t i o n Knight D., (2011) Patriating Our Head of State: A Simpler Path? in Caroline Morris, Jonathan Boston and Petra Butler (eds) Reconstituting the Constitution (Springer, Berlin, 2011) 107 McHugh P (1991) The M?ori Magna Carta: New Zealand Law and the Treaty of Waitangi (Oxford University Press, Auckland Palmer M., (2008) The Treaty of Waitangi in New Zealands Law and Constitution (Victoria University Press, Wellington Renwick W (ed) (1991) Sovereignty and Indigenous Rights: The Treaty of Waitangi in International Contexts Victoria University Press, Wellington

Large-scale energy and metallurgy free essay sample

Industrialisation (or industrialization) is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one. It is a part of a wider modernisation process, where social change and economic development are closely related with technological innovation, particularly with the development of large-scale energy and metallurgy production. It is the extensive organisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.[2] Industrialisation also introduces a form of philosophical change where people obtain a different attitude towards their perception of nature, and a sociological process of ubiquitous rationalisation. There is considerable literature on the factors facilitating industrial modernisation and enterprise development.[3] Key positive factors identified by researchers have ranged from favourable political-legal environments for industry and commerce, through abundant natural resources of various kinds, to plentiful supplies of relatively low-cost, skilled and adaptable labour. As industrial workers incomes rise, markets for consumer goods and services of all kinds tend to expand and provide a further stimulus to industrial investment and economic growth. We will write a custom essay sample on Large-scale energy and metallurgy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first country to industrialise was the United Kingdom during the Industrial Revolution, commencing in the 18th century.[4] By the end of the 20th century, East Asia had become one of the most recently industrialised regions of the world.[5] Contents [hide] 1 Description 2 History of industrialisation 2.1 Industrial revolution in Europe 2.2 Early industrialisation in other countries 2.3 The Third World 2.4 Petrol-producing countries 2.5 Industrialisation in Asia 2.6 Newly industrialised countries 3 Social consequences 3.1 Urbanisation 3.2 Exploitation 3.3 Change to family structure 4 Current situation 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading Description[edit] According to the original sector-classification developed by Jean Fourastià © (1907-1990), an economy consists of: a primary sector of commodity production (farming, livestock breeding, exploitation of mineral resources) a secondary sector of manufacturing and processing (as paid work) a tertiary sector of service industries Historically, the industrialisation process involves the expansion of the secondary sector in an economy originally dominated by primary-sector activities. The first transformation to an industrial economy from an agricultural one, known as the Industrial Revolution, took place from the mid-18th to early 19th century in certain areas in Europe and North America; starting in Great Britain, followed by Belgium, Germany, and France. Later commentators have called this the first industrial revolution.[4][6] The Second Industrial Revolution labels the later changes that came about in the mid-19th century after the refinement of the steam engine, the invention of the internal combustion engine, the harnessing of electricity and the construction of canals, railways and electric-power lines. The invention of the assembly line gave this phase a boost.[7][8][9] The lack of an industrial sector in a country can slow growth in the countrys economy and power, so governments often encourage or enforce industrialisation. On the other hand, the presence of industry in a country does not mean in general that it will bring wealth and prosperity to the people of that country. And third, the presence of an industry in one country can make it more difficult for other countries to develop the same type of industry. This can be seen in the computer software and internet industries. Started from the US around the 1990s these industries seemed to spread over the world. But after a period of monopolisation less than a decade long, the globally-leading companies remain concentrated in the US.[citation needed] Their economic power and capacity to dominate the media work against the developing of the same types of industry in other states. History of industrialisation[edit]